Umdlavuza udala ukuthi amaseli ahlukane ngendlela engalawuleki. Lokhu kungase kubangele izimila, ukulimala kwamasosha omzimba, nokunye ukukhubazeka okungabulala. Umdlavuza ungahlasela izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, njengamabele, amaphaphu, i-prostate, nesikhumba. Umdlavuza yigama elibanzi. Ichaza isifo esiba umphumela lapho izinguquko zamangqamuzana zibangela ukukhula okungalawuleki nokuhlukana kwamangqamuzana. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zibangela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana ngokushesha, kuyilapho ezinye zenza amangqamuzana akhule futhi ahlukane ngesilinganiso esincane. Izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ziphumela ekukhuleni okubonakalayo okubizwa ngokuthi amathumba, kanti ezinye, njenge-leukemia, azikwenzi. Amangqamuzana amaningi omzimba anemisebenzi ethile kanye nezikhathi zokuphila ezimisiwe. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengento embi, ukufa kwamangqamuzana kuyingxenye yesenzakalo esingokwemvelo nesizuzisayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-apoptosis. Ingqamuzana ithola iziyalezo zokufa ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukufaka ingqamuzana elisha elisebenza kangcono esikhundleni salo. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza awanazo izakhi eziwayala ukuba ayeke ukuhlukana futhi afe. Ngenxa yalokho, ayakha emzimbeni, esebenzisa umoya-mpilo nezakhi ngokuvamile ezondla amanye amangqamuzana. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza angakha izimila, akhubaze amasosha omzimba futhi abangele ezinye izinguquko ezivimbela umzimba ukuthi usebenze njalo. Amaseli omdlavuza angase avele endaweni eyodwa, bese esakazwa ngama-lymph nodes. Lawa amaqoqo amaseli omzimba atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba. Umjovo ophakathi nendawo wokungafani we-CT, umjovo ophakathi nendawo wokungafani we-DSA, umjovo omaphakathi wokungafani we-MRI usetshenziselwa ukujova okuphakathi nendawo ekuskeneni kwesithombe sezokwelapha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugqama kwesithombe nokwenza lula ukuhlonza isiguli. Ucwaningo olusha luye lwagqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi emisha nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha. Ngokuvamile odokotela banikeza imithi yokwelapha esekelwe ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo ekuxilongweni kwawo, kanye nempilo yomuntu iyonke. Ngezansi kunezibonelo zezindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza: I-Chemotherapy ihlose ukubulala amangqamuzana anomdlavuza ngemithi eqondise amaseli ahlukana ngokushesha. Izidakamizwa zingasiza futhi ukunciphisa izimila, kodwa imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi kakhulu. Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone kuhilela ukuphuza imithi eshintsha indlela ama-hormone athile asebenza ngayo noma ephazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokuwakhiqiza. Uma ama-hormone edlala indima ebalulekile, njengase-prostate kanye nomdlavuza wamabele, lena indlela evamile.
I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa imithi kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi iwakhuthaze ukuthi alwe namaseli anomdlavuza. Izibonelo ezimbili zalokhu kwelashwa ama-checkpoint inhibitors kanye nokudluliselwa kwamaseli okutholwayo. Umuthi oqondile, noma umuthi womuntu siqu, uyindlela entsha, ethuthukayo. Kuhilela ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu zokwethulwa komuntu othile komdlavuza. Abacwaningi kusamele bakhombise ukuthi ingaphatha ngempumelelo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enedosi ephezulu ukubulala amangqamuzana anomdlavuza. Futhi, udokotela angase atuse ukusebenzisa imisebe ukuze unciphise isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ukunciphisa izimpawu ezihlobene nesimila. Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell kungaba yinzuzo ikakhulukazi kubantu abanomdlavuza ohlobene negazi, njenge-leukemia noma i-lymphoma. Kuhilela ukukhipha amangqamuzana, njengamangqamuzana egazi abomvu noma amhlophe, acekelwe phansi ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe. Ochwepheshe baselebhu babe sebeqinisa amaseli futhi bawabuyisele emzimbeni. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba yingxenye yohlelo lokwelapha lapho umuntu enesimila esinomdlavuza. Futhi, udokotela ohlinzayo angase asuse ama-lymph node ukuze anciphise noma avimbele ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zenza imisebenzi ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana anomdlavuza ukuze zivimbele ukuthi zingaphindaphindeki. Angakwazi futhi ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Izibonelo ezimbili zalezi zindlela zokwelapha izidakamizwa ezinama-molecule amancane kanye namasosha omzimba we-monoclonal. Odokotela ngokuvamile bazosebenzisa izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezingaphezu koyedwa ukuze bakhulise ukusebenza kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2023
