Ngakho-ke, nangu esibhedlela, ubhekene nokucindezeleka kwesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esikulethile. Udokotela ubonakala ethule kodwa useyalele ukuhlolwa okuningana kwezithombe, njenge-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungase uhlelwe ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram ngesonto elizayo futhi manje usukhumbula i-X-ray yamazinyo owake wayithatha muva nje. Noma, ngemva kokuhlolwa kwempilo okuvamile, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuthi kwenziwe i-PET scan ngenxa yento engavamile evele.
Uma uke wazithola ukwesinye salezi zimo, cishe uke wazibuza: Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ubhekane nemisebe eminingi kakhulu? Ingabe kungaholela kumdlavuza? Futhi ingabe kuyadingeka ukuphakamisa ukukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi uma ungakhulelwe?
Ingakanani imisebe ehilelekile?
“Amazinga emisebe angahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuhlolwa,” kuchaza uSolwazi Ohlangene uLionel Cheng, umeluleki omkhulu kanye nenhloko ye-Diagnostic Radiology eSingapore General Hospital.
Inani lemisebe lincike kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwesithombe okuqondile okusetshenziswayo. Isibonelo, umthamo wemisebe ovela ku-X-ray ejwayelekile, ukuskena kobuningi bamathambo, noma i-mammogram uphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nowe-CT scan noma i-PET scan, ngokusho kuka-Assoc Prof Cheng.
I-X-ray evamile yamazinyo akho, isifuba, noma imilenze ihilela ingozi ephansi kakhulu yemisebe—cishe eyodwa kweziyi-1,000,000, okulingana cishe nemisebe ongayithola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezivela emithonjeni yemvelo. Yebo, sonke sihlala sibhekene nemisebe yemvelo evela emhlabathini, emoyeni, ezintweni zokwakha, ngisho nasemisebeni yasemkhathini evela emkhathini wangaphandle.
Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu emisebe avela ku-CT noma ku-PET scan ahambisana nengozi encane kakhulu yomdlavuza, enobubanzi obungu-1 kwabayi-10,000 kuya ku-1 kwabayi-1,000. Lokhu kufana neminyaka embalwa yokuchayeka emisebeni yemvelo. Ngokusho kweParkway Radiology, ezinye izici, njengendawo ethile ethathwa isithombe (njengengalo nje uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba wakho wonke) nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthwebula izithombe, nakho kuthinta ukuchayeka kwemisebe iyonke.
INGABE KUKHONA UMKHAWULO WENONI LEZIKHANYO ONGAZITHOLA NGONYAKA?
Ngokusho kukaSolwazi Cheng, akukho sibalo esiphezulu esibekiwe sama-scan umuntu angawathola ngonyaka. “Ezinye iziguli ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma eziphuthumayo zingase zenze izifundo eziningana zezithombe ngesikhathi esifushane, kanti ezinye zingadinga eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela eminyakeni ethile.”
Esikhundleni sokugxila enombolweni ethile, ugcizelele ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zazise odokotela bazo uma zike zaba nokuskena kwakamuva. “Uma ukuskena kwenziwe emtholampilo noma esibhedlela sikahulumeni, udokotela angafinyelela lawo marekhodi ngohlelo lokunakekelwa kwempilo yomphakathi, avimbele ukuhlolwa okuphindwe kabili futhi ahlele ukuskena okulandelayo uma kudingeka,” kusho uSolwazi Cheng, i-Assoc.
Kodwa-ke, ukuskena okwenziwa emitholampilo yangasese noma kwamanye amazwe kungase kungatholakali kumanothi odokotela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, wagcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthi iziguli zinikeze lolu lwazi. “Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi acabangele imiphumela yezithombe zangaphambilini lapho enquma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezithombe zezokwelapha,” echaza.
KUNGANI NGEZINYE IZIKHATHI ODOKOTELA BE-ODA IZINHLOBO EZININGI ZOKUHLOLA IZITHOMBE?
Kunezimo lapho ukuskena okukodwa kunganikezi ulwazi olwanele lokuxilongwa okunembile, kuchaza uBetty Matthew, isazi se-radiographer esiphezulu e-SATA CommHealth.
"Ukusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okuthwebula izithombe ndawonye kuvumela ukuhlolwa okuphelele, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okunembile, izinhlelo zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, kanye nokuqapha okuphelele isimo sesiguli."
Isibonelo, i-X-ray ingabona ukwaphuka kwamathambo ngenxa yengozi, kodwa ngeke iveze ukopha kwangaphakathi noma umonakalo wesitho—izinkinga ezingatholwa yi-CT noma i-MRI scan. UMatthew unikeza izibonelo ezengeziwe zezimo lapho kungadingeka khona ukuhlolwa okuningi kwezithombe:
Ukuqinisekisa UkuxilongwaEzimweni ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-X-ray yesifuba ingase iveze ubuningi, kodwa i-CT noma i-MRI scan inganikeza umbono ocacile noningiliziwe. Ezigulini ezinesifo sohlangothi, i-CT scan ingabona ukopha ebuchosheni, kanti i-MRI scan ingahlola izinga lomonakalo wobuchopho.
Ukuqapha Ukuqhubeka KwesifoAmasu okuthwebula izithombe njenge-PET, i-CT, kanye ne-MRI asetshenziswa ukulandelela ukukhula kwesimila noma ukusabalala komdlavuza. Ezimweni ezingamahlalakhona njenge-multiple sclerosis, ukuskena kwe-MRI okuphindaphindiwe kuyadingeka ukuze kuqashwe izilonda ezintsha.
Ukuthola Ukutheleleka Noma Ukuvuvukala: Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, i-CT scan, noma i-PET scan kungasiza ekuboneni umthombo wokutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala.
Ama-Scan Ahlukene Aqhathaniswa Kanjani?
Kungani i-CT scan inga-odwa nge-X-ray? Ingabe izinga lemisebe liphezulu kwi-mammogram uma liqhathaniswa ne-X-ray evamile? Ake sihlole umehluko phakathi kwezinye zezivivinyo zezithombe ezivame kakhulu.
1. I-Computed Tomography (i-CT Scan)
Kuyini:
Ukuskena kwe-CT kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nomshini omkhulu, ofana nendandatho okhipha imisebe eminingi ye-X-ray. Le misebe isebenza ndawonye ukudala izithombe ezinezici ezintathu zezitho zangaphakathi, njengoba kuchazwe nguDkt. Lee.
Uma Isetshenziswa:
Ukuskena kwe-CT kunikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi, okwenza kube usizo kakhulu ekubukeni cishe zonke izitho zangaphakathi. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, iziguli manje sezingakwazi ukuskena umzimba wonke ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engama-20, ngokuvamile ngokubamba umoya kanye nje.
Obani Okungafaneleki Kubo:
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-CT scan adinga inani elikhulu lemisebe, ngokuvamile ayagwenywa ezinganeni, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, nakubantu abadala abasebasha ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abane-asthma, i-allergies, noma izinkinga zezinso bangase bangafaneleki kulolu hlobo lokuskena, njengoba kudingeka idayi ehlukile, engase ibangele ukusabela. Kodwa-ke, ama-steroid angasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yalaba ziguli, futhi indlela ehlukile yokuthatha izithombe ingase inconywe uma kudingeka.
2. Ukufanekisa Ukuzwakala Kwamagnetic (i-MRI)
Kuyini:
Ngokungafani ne-CT scan, ama-MRI afaka isithwebuli esikhulu, esiyisilinda lapho iziguli zichitha khona isikhathi esiningi. I-MRI isebenza ngokukhiqiza amaza kagesi akhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi, ezinobukhulu obuthathu bezitho zangaphakathi, futhi inesisombululo esiphezulu kunazo zonke izindlela zokuthwebula izithombe.
Uma Isetshenziswa:
I-MRI ivame ukusetshenziselwa izimo ezithile njengokuhlola ukucindezelwa kwezinzwa emgogodleni, ukuthola izimila ezincane ezithweni ezifana nesibindi, noma ukuhlola izakhiwo ezibucayi njengomgudu womchamo kanye nemisele ye-bile.
Obani Okungafaneleki Kubo:
Ukuskena kwe-MRI akufanelekile ezigulini ezihlushwa yi-claustrophobia noma ezingakwazi ukuhlala zithule isikhathi eside, njengoba inqubo ingathatha noma yikuphi kusukela kumaminithi angu-15 kuya kwangu-30, kuye ngendawo eskenwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ezine-metal implants (isb., ama-heart stents, ama-clip, noma izinto zangaphandle zensimbi) zingase zingafaneleki kuma-MRI ngenxa yamandla kazibuthe aqinile asetshenziswa ngesikhathi senqubo.
Izinzuzo:
I-MRI ayibandakanyi imisebe, okwenza kube ukukhetha okungcono kweziguli ezisencane kanye nalabo abakhulelwe. Ama-MRI contrast agent amasha aphephile kakhulu, ngisho nakubantu abanezinkinga zezinso.
3. I-X-Ray
Kuyini:
Ama-X-ray asebenzisa imisebe kagesi enamandla aphezulu ukudala izithombe ezinemininingwane zezakhiwo zangaphakathi zomzimba. Naphezu kokufaka imisebe ye-ionizing, ukuchayeka kuma-X-ray kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi.
Uma Isetshenziswa:
Ama-X-ray avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukwaphuka kwamathambo, ukuhlukana kwamalunga, izifo zamaphaphu njenge-pneumonia, kanye nezimo ezithile zesisu.
Obani Okungafaneleki Kubo:
Nakuba ama-X-ray ngokuvamile ephephile kubo bonke ubudala, abesifazane abakhulelwe bayelulekwa ukuthi bangayisebenzisi ngoba imisebe ingathinta ukukhula kwengane. Kodwa-ke, ama-X-ray ayalwa kuphela uma izinzuzo ezingaba khona zesithombe zidlula izingozi.
Ngamafuphi, indlela ngayinye yokuthwebula izithombe inezici zayo ezihlukile, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuskena kanye nezingozi zazo kungasiza iziguli ukuthi zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi zithola ukunakekelwa okufanele kakhulu.
4. I-Ultrasound
Ukubuka konke:
I-Ultrasound ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuqapha izingane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Njengoba uMatthew echaza, “Kuyindlela yokuthwebula izithombe ephephile, engahlaseli engadingi imisebe.”
Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imisebe, i-ultrasound incike kumaza omsindo avame kakhulu ukukhiqiza izithombe zesikhathi sangempela zezitho zangaphakathi zomzimba kanye nemithambo yegazi. Ukuze kuthathwe lezi zithombe, kufakwa ijeli esikhumbeni, bese kuhanjiswa idivayisi encane phezu kwendawo ethandwayo, njengesisu noma umhlane.
Uma Isetshenziswa:
I-Ultrasound ivame ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zokubelethisa kanye ne-gynaecology ukulandelela ukukhula kombungu. Iwusizo futhi ekuhloleni izimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. “Ihamba phambili ekuhloleni izicubu ezithambile, ekuqapheni ukukhulelwa, ekuhloleni izitho zesisu, ekutholeni amatshe enyongo, nasekuhloleni ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi,” kuphawula uMatthew. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ultrasound isetshenziselwa izinqubo eziqondiswayo njenge-biopsies.
Obani Okufanele Bakugweme:
Kodwa-ke, i-ultrasound inemikhawulo. Ayikwazi ukungena emathanjeni, ngakho ayikwazi ukubona izindawo ezithile. Iphinde ilwe nomoya, okusho ukuthi ayisebenzi kahle ekuhloleni izitho ezifana nesisu noma amathumbu. Izicubu ezijulile, njenge-pancreas noma i-aorta, nazo zingaba nzima ukuzihlola, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezikhuluphele ngenxa yobuthakathaka bamaza omsindo njengoba ehamba ezicutshini zomzimba.
5. I-Mammogram
Ukubuka konke:
I-mammogram iyi-X-ray ekhethekile yamabele eyenzelwe ukubona ukukhubazeka, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuba kuvele noma yiziphi izimpawu. “Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela yokwelashwa ngokubona izinkinga kusenesikhathi,” kusho uMatthew.
Ukuskena kwangempela kuyashesha, ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje. Kodwa-ke, ukubeka ibele ukuze kuthathwe izithombe ezifanele kungathatha imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-10 eyengeziwe, kuye ngokuthi zingaki izithombe ezidingekayo. “Njengoba kudingeka ukucindezelwa ukuze kutholakale izithombe ezicacile, iziguli zingase zizwe ukungakhululeki,” kusho uDkt. Lee.
Uma Isetshenziswa:
Ama-mammogram awasetshenziswa nje kuphela ekuhlolweni okuvamile kodwa futhi asetshenziselwa ukuphenya izimpawu ezifana namaqhubu noma ubuhlungu bebele ukuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Obani Okufanele Bakugweme:
Ngenxa yemisebe ehilelekile, ama-mammogram ngokuvamile awanconywa kwabesifazane abasebasha kuze kube yilapho befika eminyakeni enconywayo yokuhlolwa njalo, njengoba uDkt. Lee echaza.
6. Ukuskena Ubuningi Bamathambo
Ukubuka konke:
Ukuskena kobuningi bamathambo, njengoba uDkt. Lee echaza, “kuyi-X-ray ethile esetshenziselwa ukuhlola amandla amathambo.” Ngokuvamile kugxila esinqeni noma esihlakaleni, futhi inqubo yokuskena ithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela.
Uma Isetshenziswa:
Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezigulini ezindala ezisengozini yokubola kwamathambo. Kodwa-ke, kungase kudingeke nasezigulini ezincane ezisebenzisa imithi ethinta ukuminyana kwamathambo, kusho uDkt. Lee.
Obani Okufanele Bakugweme:
Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagweme lokhu kuskenwa ngenxa yemisebe ehilelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasanda kuhlinzwa umgogodla noma abanezinkinga ezinkulu zomgogodla, njenge-scoliosis, bangase bangabi yibo abafanelekayo, njengoba imiphumela ingaba enganembile.
7. Iskena se-Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Ukubuka konke:
I-PET scan iyindlela ethuthukisiwe yokuthwebula izithombe enikeza ukuskena komzimba wonke. “Kuhilela ukufaka idayi ekhethekile enemisebe, futhi njengoba idayi imuncwa yizitho ezahlukahlukene, itholakala yi-scanner,” kuchaza uDkt. Lee.
Le nqubo ithatha cishe amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu ngoba udayi udinga isikhathi ukuze umuncwe ezithweni ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ukuskena.
Uma Isetshenziswa:
Ukuskena kwe-PET kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthola umdlavuza nokuhlola ukusabalala kwawo. Kodwa-ke, kungasiza futhi ekuboneni imithombo yokutheleleka.
Obani Okufanele Bakugweme:
Ngenxa yemisebe ehilelekile, ukuskena kwe-PET ngokuvamile akunconywa ezinganeni noma kubantu abakhulelwe, kweluleka uDkt. Lee.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-23-2025
