Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha “kuyiso elibukhali” lokuqonda umzimba womuntu. Kodwa uma kukhulunywa nge-X-ray, i-CT, i-MRI, i-ultrasound, kanye nemithi yenuzi, abantu abaningi bazoba nemibuzo: Ingabe kuzoba khona imisebe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa? Ingabe izolimaza umzimba? Abesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi, bahlala bekhathazekile ngomthelela wemisebe ezinganeni zabo. Namuhla sizochaza ngokugcwele izinkinga zemisebe ezitholwa ngabesifazane abakhulelwe emnyangweni we-radiology.
Umbuzo Wesiguli Ngaphambi Kokuchayeka
1. Ingabe kukhona izinga eliphephile lokuchayeka emisebeni kwesiguli ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Imikhawulo yomthamo ayisebenzi ekuchayekeni kwemisebe yesiguli, njengoba isinqumo sokusebenzisa imisebe sincike esigulini ngasinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithamo efanele kufanele isetshenziswe ukufeza izinjongo zomtholampilo uma ikhona. Imikhawulo yomthamo inqunyelwa abasebenzi, hhayi iziguli.
- Uyini umthetho wezinsuku eziyi-10? Siyini isimo sawo?
Ezikhungweni ze-X-ray, kumele kube nezinqubo zokunquma isimo sokukhulelwa kweziguli zesifazane ezineminyaka yokuzala ngaphambi kwanoma iyiphi inqubo ye-X-ray engabangela ukuthi umbungu noma umbungu uvezwe emithanjeni emikhulu yemisebe. Le ndlela ayifani kuwo wonke amazwe nezikhungo. Enye indlela "umthetho wezinsuku eziyishumi," othi "noma nini lapho kungenzeka, ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kwesisu esingezansi kanye ne-pelvis kufanele kukhawulelwe esikhawulweni sezinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuqala kokuya esikhathini."
Isincomo sokuqala sasiyizinsuku ezingu-14, kodwa ngenxa yokwehluka komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kwabantu, lesi sikhathi sancishiswa saba yizinsuku ezingu-10. Ezimweni eziningi, ubufakazi obandayo busikisela ukuthi ukunamathela ngokuqinile “emthethweni wezinsuku eziyishumi” kungadala imingcele engadingekile.
Uma inani lamaseli ekukhulelweni lincane futhi izakhiwo zawo zingakacaciswa, imiphumela yomonakalo kula maseli cishe izobonakala njengokwehluleka kokufakelwa noma ukufa okungabonakali kokukhulelwa; Ukukhubazeka akunakwenzeka noma akuvamile kakhulu. Njengoba i-organogenesis iqala emavikini ama-3 kuya kwayi-5 ngemva kokukhulelwa, ukuvezwa kwemisebe ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa akucatshangwa ukuthi kubangele ukukhubazeka. Ngakho-ke, kuphakanyiswe ukuthi kuqedwe umthetho wezinsuku eziyi-10 bese kufakwa umthetho wezinsuku ezingama-28 esikhundleni sawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma kunengqondo, ukuhlolwa kwemisebe kungenziwa kulo lonke umjikelezo kuze kube yilapho umjikelezo owodwa uphuthelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugxila kushintshela ekuyeni esikhathini okulibazisekile kanye nokwenzeka kokukhulelwa.
Uma ukuya esikhathini kubambezeleka, owesifazane kufanele abhekwe njengokhulelwe ngaphandle kokuthi kuboniswe ngenye indlela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlola ezinye izindlela zokuthola ulwazi oludingekayo ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezingezona eze-radiological.
- Ingabe ukukhulelwa kufanele kuqedwe ngemva kokuchayeka emisebeni?
Ngokusho kwe-ICRP 84, ukuqedwa kokukhulelwa ngemithamo yengane engaphansi kwe-100 mGy akuvunyelwe ngokusekelwe engcupheni yemisebe. Uma umthamo wengane uphakathi kwe-100 ne-500 mGy, isinqumo kufanele senziwe ngokomuntu ngamunye.
Imibuzo laphoKuyaqhubekaMezokwelaphaEukuhlolwa
1. Kuthiwani uma isiguli sithola ukuhlolwa kwe-CT esiswini kodwa singazi ukuthi sikhulelwe?
Umthamo wemisebe yengane/yokukhulelwa kufanele ulinganiswe, kodwa kuphela nguchwepheshe wezokwelapha/wokuphepha kwemisebe onolwazi ku-dosimetry enjalo. Iziguli zingabe sezilulekwa kangcono ngezingozi ezingaba khona ezihilelekile. Ezimweni eziningi, ingozi incane ngoba ukuvezwa kuzonikezwa phakathi kwamasonto amathathu okuqala ngemva kokukhulelwa. Ezimweni ezimbalwa, ingane isikhulile futhi imithamo ehilelekile ingaba mikhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi imithamo ibe phezulu ngokwanele ukuze kunconywe ukuthi isiguli sicabangele ukuqeda ukukhulelwa.
Uma kudingeka ukubalwa umthamo wemisebe ukuze kwelulwe isiguli, kufanele kunakwe izici ze-x-ray (uma ziyaziwa). Kungase kwenziwe ezinye izibikezelo ku-dosimetry, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa idatha yangempela. Usuku lokukhulelwa noma isikhathi sokugcina sokuya esikhathini kufanele futhi kunqunywe.
2. Iphephile kangakanani i-radiology yesifuba nemilenze ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Uma idivayisi isebenza kahle, izifundo zokuxilonga eziboniswe ngodokotela (njenge-radiography yesifuba noma imilenze) zingenziwa ngokuphephile kude nombungu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokuvamile, ingozi yokungaxilongi inkulu kunengozi yemisebe ehilelekile.
Uma ukuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ekugcineni okuphezulu kobubanzi bomthamo wokuxilonga futhi umbungu utholakala emsebeni noma eduze komsuka wemisebe noma umthombo, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa umthamo kumbungu ngenkathi usaxilonga. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokulungisa ukuhlolwa nokuhlola i-radiography ngayinye ethathwe kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa, bese kuqedwa inqubo.
Imiphumela yokuchayeka emisebeni yangaphakathi kwesibeletho
Ukukhishwa kwemisebe okuvela ezivivinyweni zokuxilonga ngemisebe cishe ngeke kubangele noma yimiphi imiphumela eyingozi ezinganeni, kodwa amathuba okuba nemiphumela ebangelwa imisebe awakwazi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele. Umphumela wokuchayeka emisebeni ekukhulelweni uncike esikhathini sokuchayeka kanye nenani lomthamo othathwe ngokuhambisana nosuku lokukhulelwa. Incazelo elandelayo ihloselwe ochwepheshe besayensi futhi imiphumela echazwe ingabonakala kuphela ezimweni ezishiwo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi le miphumela iyenzeka kumthamo otholakala ezivivinyweni ezivamile, njengoba incane kakhulu.
Imibuzo laphoKuyaqhubekaMezokwelaphaEukuhlolwa
1. Kuthiwani uma isiguli sithola ukuhlolwa kwe-CT esiswini kodwa singazi ukuthi sikhulelwe?
Umthamo wemisebe yengane/yokukhulelwa kufanele ulinganiswe, kodwa kuphela nguchwepheshe wezokwelapha/wokuphepha kwemisebe onolwazi ku-dosimetry enjalo. Iziguli zingabe sezilulekwa kangcono ngezingozi ezingaba khona ezihilelekile. Ezimweni eziningi, ingozi incane ngoba ukuvezwa kuzonikezwa phakathi kwamasonto amathathu okuqala ngemva kokukhulelwa. Ezimweni ezimbalwa, ingane isikhulile futhi imithamo ehilelekile ingaba mikhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi imithamo ibe phezulu ngokwanele ukuze kunconywe ukuthi isiguli sicabangele ukuqeda ukukhulelwa.
Uma kudingeka ukubalwa umthamo wemisebe ukuze kwelulwe isiguli, kufanele kunakwe izici ze-x-ray (uma ziyaziwa). Kungase kwenziwe ezinye izibikezelo ku-dosimetry, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa idatha yangempela. Usuku lokukhulelwa noma isikhathi sokugcina sokuya esikhathini kufanele futhi kunqunywe.
2. Iphephile kangakanani i-radiology yesifuba nemilenze ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Uma idivayisi isebenza kahle, izifundo zokuxilonga eziboniswe ngodokotela (njenge-radiography yesifuba noma imilenze) zingenziwa ngokuphephile kude nombungu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokuvamile, ingozi yokungaxilongi inkulu kunengozi yemisebe ehilelekile.
Uma ukuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ekugcineni okuphezulu kobubanzi bomthamo wokuxilonga futhi umbungu utholakala emsebeni noma eduze komsuka wemisebe noma umthombo, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa umthamo kumbungu ngenkathi usaxilonga. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokulungisa ukuhlolwa nokuhlola i-radiography ngayinye ethathwe kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa, bese kuqedwa inqubo.
Imiphumela yokuchayeka emisebeni yangaphakathi kwesibeletho
Ukukhishwa kwemisebe okuvela ezivivinyweni zokuxilonga ngemisebe cishe ngeke kubangele noma yimiphi imiphumela eyingozi ezinganeni, kodwa amathuba okuba nemiphumela ebangelwa imisebe awakwazi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele. Umphumela wokuchayeka emisebeni ekukhulelweni uncike esikhathini sokuchayeka kanye nenani lomthamo othathwe ngokuhambisana nosuku lokukhulelwa. Incazelo elandelayo ihloselwe ochwepheshe besayensi futhi imiphumela echazwe ingabonakala kuphela ezimweni ezishiwo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi le miphumela iyenzeka kumthamo otholakala ezivivinyweni ezivamile, njengoba incane kakhulu.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-29-2024
