Inhloso yalesi sihloko ukuxoxa ngezinhlobo ezintathu zezinqubo zezithombe zezokwelapha ezivame ukudidaniswa umphakathi jikelele, i-X-ray, i-CT, kanye ne-MRI.
Umthamo ophansi wemisebe – i-X-ray
I-X-ray yathola kanjani igama layo?
Lokho kusibuyisela emuva eminyakeni eyi-127 kuNovemba. Isazi sesayensi yemvelo saseJalimane uWilhelm Conrad Roentgen sathola into engaziwa elabhorethri yakhe ephansi, wabe esechitha amasonto elabhorethri, waphumelela ukukholisa umkakhe ukuthi asebenze njengesifundo sokuhlola, futhi waqopha i-X-ray yokuqala emlandweni wesintu, ngoba ukukhanya kugcwele imfihlakalo engaziwa, uRoentgen wayiqamba ngokuthi i-X-ray. Lokhu kutholwa okukhulu kwabeka isisekelo sokuxilongwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha zesikhathi esizayo kanye nokwelashwa. NgoNovemba 8, 1895, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi yi-International Radiological Day ukuze kukhunjulwe lokhu kutholwa okwakha inkathi.
I-X-ray iwukukhanya okungabonakali okunobude obufushane kakhulu obuyimisebe kagesi phakathi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet ne-gamma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhono layo lokungena linamandla kakhulu, ngenxa yomehluko wobuningi nobukhulu bezakhiwo ezahlukene zezicubu zomzimba womuntu, i-X-ray imuncwa ngamazinga ahlukene lapho idlula emzimbeni womuntu, kanti i-X-ray enolwazi oluhlukile lokunciphisa ngemva kokungena emzimbeni womuntu idlula ochungechungeni lobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukiswa, futhi ekugcineni yakha izithombe zesithombe ezimnyama nezimhlophe.
Ama-X-ray kanye ne-CT zivame ukuhlanganiswa, futhi zinokufana kanye nokwehluka. Lokhu kokubili kufana emigomeni yokuthwebula izithombe, kokubili okusebenzisa ukungena kwe-X-ray ukwakha izithombe ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezinobukhulu obuhlukile bokunciphisa imisebe emizimbeni yabantu enobukhulu obuhlukene bezicubu kanye nobukhulu. Kodwa kukhona nokwehluka okucacile:
Okokuqala, umehlukoamangaekubukekeni nasekusebenzeni kwemishini. I-X-ray ifana kakhulu nokuya estudiyo sezithombe ukuze kuthathwe isithombe. Okokuqala, isiguli sisizwa ngokubeka indawo ejwayelekile yokuhlola, bese kusetshenziswa isibani se-X-ray (ikhamera enkulu) ukuthwebula isithombe ngomzuzwana owodwa. Imishini ye-CT ibukeka njenge-"donut" enkulu ngokubukeka, futhi opharetha udinga ukusiza isiguli embhedeni wokuhlola, angene egumbini lokuhlinzwa, futhi enze i-CT scan yesiguli.
Okwesibili, umehlukoamangangezindlela zokuthatha izithombe. Isithombe se-X-ray siyisithombe esihambisanayo esinobukhulu obubili, futhi ulwazi lwesithombe sokuma okuthile lungatholakala esithombeni esisodwa, esinohlangothi olulodwa. Kufana nokubuka ucezu lwesinkwa esingakanqunywanga sisonke, futhi isakhiwo sangaphakathi asikwazi ukuboniswa ngokucacile. Isithombe se-CT sakhiwe uchungechunge lwezithombe ze-tomography, okulingana nokuhlukanisa ungqimba lwesakhiwo sezicubu ngesendlalelo, ngokucacile nangesinye ngesinye ukukhombisa imininingwane eyengeziwe nezakhiwo ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu, futhi isinqumo singcono kakhulu kunefilimu ye-X-ray.
Okwesithathu, njengamanje, izithombe ze-X-ray zisetshenziswe ngokuphephile nangokuvuthiwe ekuxilongweni okusizayo kweminyaka yamathambo ezingane, abazali akudingeki bakhathazeke kakhulu ngomthelela wokukhanya, umthamo wokukhanya kwe-X-ray mncane kakhulu. Kukhona neziguli eziza esibhedlela ukuze zithole ukwelashwa kwamathambo ngenxa yokulimala, udokotela uzohlanganisa izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwe-X-ray ne-CT, ngokuvamile ukukhetha kokuqala kokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, futhi lapho i-X-ray ingabonakali izilonda noma izilonda ezisolisayo zitholakala futhi zingenakutholakala, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kuzonconywa njengosizo oluqinisayo.
Ungadidanisi i-MRI ne-X-ray kanye ne-CT
MRIIbukeka ifana ne-CT ngokubukeka, kodwa imbobo yayo ejulile kanye nezimbobo ezincane kuzoletha umuzwa wokucindezela emzimbeni womuntu, okungenye yezizathu ezenza abantu abaningi bayesabe.
Isimiso sayo sihluke ngokuphelele kwese-X-ray ne-CT.
Siyazi ukuthi umzimba womuntu wakhiwe ngama-athomu, okuqukethwe kwamanzi emzimbeni womuntu kukhulu kakhulu, amanzi aqukethe ama-proton e-hydrogen, lapho umzimba womuntu ulele ensimini yamagnetic, kuzoba nengxenye yama-proton e-hydrogen kanye nesignali ye-pulse yensimu yamagnetic yangaphandle "ye-resonance", imvamisa ekhiqizwa yi-"resonance" itholwa yi-receiver, futhi ekugcineni ikhompyutha icubungula isignali ye-resonance ebuthakathaka, yakha isithombe sokungafani esimnyama nesimhlophe.
Uyazi, i-nuclear magnetic resonance ayinawo umonakalo wemisebe, ayikho imisebe ye-ionizing, isibe yindlela evamile yokuthwebula izithombe. Ezicutshini ezithambile ezifana nesimiso sezinzwa, amalunga, imisipha namafutha, i-MRI iyathandwa.
Kodwa-ke, futhi inezinye izinto ezingahambisani nayo, futhi ezinye izici ziphansi kune-CT, njengokubona amaqhubu amancane emaphashini, ukwaphuka, njll. I-CT inembe kakhudlwana. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha i-X-ray, i-CT noma i-MRI, udokotela udinga ukukhetha izimpawu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, singabheka imishini ye-MRI njengomagnethi omkhulu, imishini kagesi eseduze nayo izohluleka, izinto zensimbi eziseduze nayo zizocwiliswa ngokushesha, okuholela "ekuphumeleni kwemicibisholo", okuyingozi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha kokuhlolwa kwe-MRI bekulokhu kuyinkinga evamile kodokotela. Lapho ulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela umlando ngeqiniso nangemininingwane, ulandele umyalo wochwepheshe, futhi uqinisekise ukuhlolwa kokuphepha.
Kungabonakala ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zezinqubo ze-X-ray, i-CT kanye ne-MRI zezokwelapha ziyahambisana futhi zikhonza iziguli.
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Njengoba sonke sazi, intuthuko yemboni yezithombe zezokwelapha ayihlukaniseki ekuthuthukisweni kochungechunge lwemishini yezokwelapha - ama-injector agent injector kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisekelayo - ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kulo mkhakha. EShayina, edume ngemboni yayo yokukhiqiza, kunabakhiqizi abaningi abadumile ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngokukhiqiza imishini yezithombe zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisaI-LnkMedKusukela yasungulwa, i-LnkMed ibilokhu igxile emkhakheni wama-injectors anamandla aphezulu okucindezela. Ithimba lobunjiniyela le-LnkMed liholwa yi-Ph.D. elinolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi futhi lihileleke kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni. Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sakhe, i-Umjovo wekhanda elilodwa le-CT,Umjovo wekhanda eliphindwe kabili we-CT,Umjovo we-MRI contrast agent, futhiI-Angiography high-pressure contrast agent injector injectorzenzelwe lezi zici: umzimba oqinile futhi ohlangene, isikhombimsebenzisi sokusebenza esilula nesihlakaniphile, imisebenzi ephelele, ukuphepha okuphezulu, kanye nomklamo ohlala isikhathi eside. Singaphinde sinikeze amasirinji namashubhu ahambisana nalawo mabhrendi adumile e-CT, MRI, DSA injectors Ngenxa yesimo sabo sengqondo esiqotho kanye namandla ochwepheshe, bonke abasebenzi be-LnkMed bakumema ngobuqotho ukuthi nize nizohlola izimakethe ezengeziwe ndawonye.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-04-2024
