Hlola Izitayela Eziguqukayo Zobuchwepheshe Bokuthwebula Izithombe Zezokwelapha Zedijithali

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha besimanje kuqhuba intuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha zedijithali. Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-molecular kuyisihloko esisha esakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa i-biology ye-molecular ne-imaging yezokwelapha yesimanje. Kuhlukile kubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha zendabuko. Ngokuvamile, amasu okuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha zendabuko abonisa imiphumela yokugcina yezinguquko ze-molecule emangqamuzaneni abantu, ethola ukukhubazeka ngemva kokwenziwa kwezinguquko ze-anatomical. Kodwa-ke, ukuthwebula izithombe ze-molecular kungathola izinguquko emangqamuzaneni esigabeni sokuqala sesifo ngezindlela ezithile ezikhethekile zokuhlola ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi amasha nama-reagent ngaphandle kokubangela izinguquko ze-anatomical, okungasiza odokotela baqonde ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zeziguli. Ngakho-ke, futhi kuyithuluzi elisizayo eliphumelelayo lokuhlola izidakamizwa kanye nokuxilongwa kwezifo.

1. Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokuthwebula izithombe zedijithali

1.1I-Radiography Yekhompyutha (CR)

Ubuchwepheshe be-CR buqopha imisebe ye-X ngebhodi lesithombe, buvusa ibhodi lesithombe nge-laser, buguqula isignali yokukhanya ekhishwa yibhodi lesithombe ibe ukuxhumana ngemishini ekhethekile, futhi ekugcineni bucubungula futhi buthathe izithombe ngosizo lwekhompyutha. Kuhlukile ekwelashweni kwemisebe yendabuko ngoba i-CR isebenzisa i-IP esikhundleni sefilimu njengomthwali, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe be-CR budlala indima yesikhashana enqubweni yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bemithi yemisebe yesimanje.

1.2 I-Radiography Eqondile (DR)

Kunomehluko phakathi kwezithombe ze-X-ray eziqondile kanye nemishini ye-X-ray yendabuko. Okokuqala, indlela yokuthwebula izithombe zefilimu ezwela ukukhanya ithathelwa indawo ngokuguqula ulwazi lube isignali engabonwa yikhompyutha ngumtshina. Okwesibili, ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wohlelo lwekhompyutha ukucubungula izithombe zedijithali, yonke inqubo isebenza ngogesi ngokuphelele, okunikeza lula ohlangothini lwezokwelapha.

I-radiography eqondile ingahlukaniswa cishe ibe izinhlobo ezintathu ngokuya ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuthola ulwazi ezisebenzisayo. Ukuthwebula izithombe zedijithali ngqo, i-detector yayo iyi-silicon plate engaguquki, uma iqhathaniswa nokuguqulwa kwamandla angaqondile DR Ekuxazululeni kwendawo kunenzuzo enkulu; Kwi-imaging yedijithali engaqondile, ama-detector asetshenziswa kakhulu yile: i-cesium iodide, i-gadolinium oxide yesulfure, i-cesium iodide/i-Gadolinium oxide yesulfure + ilensi/i-optical fiber +CCD/CMOS kanye ne-cesium iodide/i-Gadolinium oxide yesulfure + CMOS; I-Image intensifier Digital X photographic system,

Isitholi se-CCD manje sisetshenziswa kabanzi ohlelweni lwe-digital gastrointestinal kanye nohlelo olukhulu lwe-angiography

2. Izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obukhulu bokuthwebula izithombe zedijithali kwezokwelapha

2.1 Intuthuko yakamuva ye-CR

1) Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhodi lezithombe. Izinto ezintsha ezisetshenziswa esakhiweni sepuleti lezithombe zinciphisa kakhulu ukusabalalisa kwe-fluorescence, futhi ubukhali besithombe kanye nesisombululo semininingwane kuyathuthukiswa, ngakho ikhwalithi yesithombe ithuthukiswe kakhulu.

2) Ukuthuthukiswa kwemodi yokuskena. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuskena imigqa esikhundleni sobuchwepheshe bokuskena indawo endizayo nokusebenzisa i-CCD njengomqoqi wezithombe, isikhathi sokuskena ngokusobala sifushane.

3) Isofthiwe yangemva kokucubungula iyaqiniswa futhi ithuthukisiwe. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, abakhiqizi abaningi bethule izinhlobo ezahlukene zesofthiwe. Ngokusebenzisa le software, ezinye izindawo ezingaphelele zesithombe zingathuthukiswa kakhulu, noma ukulahleka kwemininingwane yesithombe kungancishiswa, ukuze kutholakale isithombe esithambile.

4) I-CR iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokuya ngomsebenzi wezokwelapha ofana no-DR. Njengomsebenzi we-DR ohlukaniswe ngokwezinga, i-CR ingafaka umfundi ekamelweni ngalinye le-radiography noma kwi-operating console; Njengokukhiqizwa kwesithombe okuzenzakalelayo yi-DR, inqubo yokwakha kabusha isithombe kanye nokuskena nge-laser iqedwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

2.2 Inqubekela phambili yocwaningo lwe-DR Technology

1) Intuthuko ekuthathweni kwezithombe zedijithali ze-non-crystalline silicon kanye ne-selenium amorphous flat panel detectors. Ushintsho olukhulu lwenzeka esakhiweni se-crystal arrangement, ngokusho kocwaningo, isakhiwo senaliti kanye ne-columnar se-silicon amorphous kanye ne-selenium amorphous kunganciphisa ukusabalala kwe-X-ray, ukuze ubukhali nokucaca kwesithombe kuthuthukiswe.

2) Intuthuko ekuthathweni kwezithombe zedijithali zama-detector ephaneli eyisicaba ye-CMOS. Ingqimba yomugqa we-fluorescent we-detector eyisicaba ye-CM0S ingakhiqiza imigqa ye-fluorescent ehambisana nokukhanya kwe-X-ray okwenzekayo, futhi isignali ye-fluorescent ibanjwa yi-chip ye-CMOS futhi ekugcineni ikhuliswe futhi icutshungulwe. Ngakho-ke, isixazululo sendawo se-detector yeplanethi ye-M0S siphezulu njengo-6.1LP/m, okuwumtholi onesinqumo esiphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isivinini sokuthwebula izithombe esisheshayo sesistimu sesibe ubuthakathaka bama-detector ephaneli eyisicaba ye-CMOS.

3) Ukuthwebula izithombe zedijithali ze-CCD kuye kwathuthuka. Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-CCD ezintweni, isakhiwo, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezithombe kuye kwathuthukiswa, ngesakhiwo senaliti esisha esethulwe sezinto ze-X-ray scintillator, ukucaca okuphezulu kanye nesibuko esihlanganisiwe esinamandla aphezulu kanye ne-filling coefficient yokuzwela kwe-CCD chip imaging eyi-100%, ukucaca kwesithombe kanye nesisombululo kuye kwathuthukiswa.

4) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-DR emtholampilo Kunamathuba abanzi. Umthamo ophansi, umonakalo omncane wemisebe kubasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwensiza konke kuyinzuzo yobuchwepheshe be-DR Imaging. Ngakho-ke, i-DR Imaging inezinzuzo ekuhlolweni kwesifuba, amathambo kanye namabele futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi. Ezinye izinkinga yintengo ephezulu.

3. Ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bokuthwebula izithombe zedijithali zezokwelapha — ukuthwebula izithombe zama-molecule

Ukuthwebula izithombe ngama-molecule ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuthwebula izithombe ukuqonda ama-molecule athile ezingeni lezicubu, lamaseli kanye nele-subcellular, okungabonisa izinguquko ezingeni lama-molecule esimweni sokuphila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, singasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuhlola ulwazi lokuphila emzimbeni womuntu olungelula ukuluthola, futhi sithole ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa okuhlobene nalokhu esigabeni sokuqala sesifo.

4. Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezithombe zedijithali zezokwelapha

Ukuthwebula izithombe ngamamolekyuli kuyisiqondiso esiyinhloko socwaningo lobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe ngedijithali kwezokwelapha, okunamandla amakhulu okuba yindlela yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe ngezokwelapha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthwebula izithombe zakudala njengobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, kusenamandla amakhulu.

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